The Central Nervous System (CNS)

Central Nervous System (CNS) - the nervous system made up of the brain and spinal cord; covered with three layers of protective meninges

Two Parts of the Central Nervous System

1. Brain - This is an organ located within the skull that functions as organizer and distributor of information for the body

a. Cerebrum - controls skeletal muscle contraction and is the center for learning, emotion, memory, and perception

- it is divided into the outer layer of the cerebrum is called the cerebral cortex and is vital for perception, voluntary movement, and learning

-The left side of the cerebral cortex receives information from, and controls the movement of the right side of the body, and vice versa

-Ang Corpus Callosum ang kumokonekta sa left at right cerebral hemispheres. Kung mas makapal ang corpus callosum, mas huhusay ang komunikasyon ng kaliwa at kanang bahagi ng utak, mas huhusay sa pag-iisip ang isang tao.

Fast Fact: Pwede ka pa ring mabuhay kahit wala tanggalin ang isa sa iyong cerebral hemispheres. Kung bata pa ang sasailalim sa ganitong operasyon, maaaring dahil sa malalang epilepsy, makakapag-adjust ang utak upang magawa ng isang hemisphere ang trabaho na para sa dalawa. Magkakaroon pa rin ng konting problema pero at least pwede…

-isang napatunayang paraan upang kumapal ang corpus callosum ay ang pagtugtog ng mga musical instruments.

b. Cerebellum - the part under the cerebrum that controls posture, balance, and motor coordination

-the cerebellum processes information from what your eyes see, what your ears hear, and from the position of your muscles and joints to make a coordinated movement commanded by the cerebrum.

- kung nakita mo ang bagong dance moves ng MAPEH teacher mo at nagawa mo itong gayahin, pasalamat ka sa cerebellum mo. (Thank you Cerebellum!!!)

c. Brain stem - the part that connects the brain to the

spinal cord and controls automatic functions such as breathing, digestion, heart rate, and blood pressure

-The brain stem controls several important functions of the body including alertness, arousal, breathing, blood pressure, digestion, heart rate, swallowing, walking, and sensory and motor information integration

-ang brainstem ang modulator ng information mula sa katawan, dadaan sa spinal cord patungong utak. Dito matatagpuan ang crossover mula sa left side ng katawan patungo sa right cerebral hemisphere at right side ng katawan patungong left cerebral hemisphere.

d. Diencephalon - gives rise to the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland

- Thalamus - the brain area that relays sensory information to the cortex

- Hypothalamus - the brain structure that controls hormone release and body homeostasis

- Through its regulation of the pituitary gland, the hypothalamus regulates hunger and thirst, plays a role in sexual and mating behaviors, and initiates the fight-or-flight response

- Maling sabihin na “I love you with all my heart” kasi hindi naman ang puso ang kumokontrol sa emosyon natin. Ito ang trabaho ng hypothalamus dahil ito ang nagreregulate ng mga chemicals na dahilan ng mga nararamdaman natin kapag tayo ay in love. Pero wag mong sabihin sa nililigawan mon a “I love you with all my hypothalamus”… kasi kung hindi nya alam to eh magmumukha syang tanga, malamang basted ka… ahahah…

àito rin ang nagreregulate ng init ng katawan. Kung palagi mo ring nauunahan ang alarm clock mo ilang minuto bago mag-alarm, Hypothalamus din ang may gawa nyan.

PS: WAIT NYO ANG LESSON NATIN ABOUT ENDOCRINE SYSTEM. ITUTURO KO ANG “CHEMISTRY OF LOVE” AT ILANG SCIENTIFIC LOVE TIPS PARA MA-INLOVE SAU ANG CRUSH MO…

- Pineal Gland – produces melatonin that induces sleep

2. Spinal Cord - thick fiber bundle that connects the brain with peripheral nerves; transmits sensory and motor information; contains neurons that control motor reflexes

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